Junyang Wang
Professor Luo
CHI 331
6/October/2013
The Influence of New Culture Movement
In the early 20th century, Chinese society in the period of dramatic change. Because of the failure of the Xinhai Revolution, Yuan Shikai became the president of China, he pushed forward the Confucianism, in order to maintain the feudal rule. The whole society under the cloud of feudal rule. At that time, some far-sighted personage launched the new culture movement to save the precarious society. New culture movement is one of the most successful and effective movement in modern Chinese history. It was a unprecedented ideological liberation movement. This movement was not only a cultural reform movement but also a successful ideology reform. In this paper, I will talk about the influence of this movement from two aspect: literature and ideology .
As the name suggests, New Culture Movement was a cultural reform, It fundamentally changed the outdated Chinese literature. On September 15, 1915, Chen Duxiu founded a revolutionary magazine named as New Youth. This magazine was significant because it was the first vernacular magazine in modern Chinese history. Chen Duxiu used this magazine to carry out new literature. At that time, many famous writers published their articles in this magazine. For example, Lu Xun published the first vernacular fiction Diary of a Madman in New Youth. It was a great innovate because it created the Chinese new literature. Before we started to use vernacular Chinese, Chinese used to use classical Chinese as our writing language. The advantage of vernacular Chinese is it can simplify writing language thus more people can read. In Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun used first person view to expose the disadvantages of the feudal society. “Since I couldn’t get to sleep anyway, I read that history very carefully for most of the night, and finally I began to make out what was written between the lines: the whole volume was filled with a single phrase:EAT PEOPLE!”( Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun, 1918) At the end of the fiction, Lu Xun also expressed the wish of save children. “Maybe there are some children around who still haven’t eatn human flesh. Save the children...”(Diary of a Madman, Lu Xun, 1918). New Culture Movement is a good start, and it laid the foundations for the popularization of vernacular Chinese.
Another battle line of New Culture Movement is thought battle line, and that was the most essential revolution of New Culture Movement. Chen Duxiu once said “If you want to change the social system fundamentally, you must change people’s mind first”. Because China has 4000 years of feudal rule, people had become apathetic. For example, although the Qing government so decadent, people still had big hope for Qing government. Until Sino-Japanese war, people began to realized how decadent Qing government were. After Sino-Japanese war, there were another famous reform movement named Hundred Days of Reform. This reform was a institutional innovations movement. Leader Liang Qichao advocated to learn advanced technology from western, reform political system and educational system, develop agriculture, industry and business. In this reform, Liang Qichao attempted to renew the people. “Here Liang’s sense of ‘a people” is of a “nation” informed by the western(and Japanese) sense of nationalism: “a” people as a nation ( not just “the people” as commoners) would become an organic group with a consciousness of its own identity, actively participating in the determination of its national destiny in a world of many contending peoples. To this end he sees a need for corporate organization, an educational system and communication media, bridging the gap between educated eite and illiterate masses. This involves not just individual self-understanding and self-cultivation but one’s own group learning from other peoples and their cultures.”(Source of Chinese Tradition, Wm.Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano, page 289). We can say Liang Qichao had realized the importance of renewing people. However, this movement mainly focused on institutional reform, actually it wasn’t changed people’s mind, so this form only lasted about 100 days.
Leaders of New Culture Movement learned the experience of failure from Hundred Days of Reform,they realized that the importance of ideology reform, they decided to regarded change people’s thought as a main task in the New Culture Movement.In this movement, Chen Duxiu advocated Democracy and Science, or people named them as “Mr.De and Mr.Sci”. Democracy and Science is the soul and principe of New Culture Movement. Chen Duxiu profoundly challenged the feudalism. He criticized the feudalism and ethical system, he thought in order to make true democracy, people must wipe out The feudal patriarchal system and moral rules. “In December 1916, Chen Duxiu, who himself came from a wealthy Anhui family and who had taken, but failed, the provincial examinations, published an article entitled 'The Way of Confucius and Modern Life'. In it he criticized Confucian teaching on filial piety and on the subservience of women, noting in particular the prejudice against the remarriage of widows. Confucius, he remarked, lived in a feudal age and the ethics, social mores and political institutions he advocated belonged to a feudal age.”(A Concise History of China, J.A.G.Roberts, page 221). Another leader Li Dazhao also against Confucianism, he appealed young people don’t be reluctant to leave the old society, we should work together to create new China. At that time,feudal thought encountered the ruinous attack, most of young people praised Democracy and Science, Chinese’s ideology gained liberate greatly. The development of Democracy and Science, promote the development of nature science in China, and it also layed the foundation for the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement.
In conclusion, New Culture Movement was a successful ideological liberation movement.In the literature aspect, this movement promoted the development of vernacular Chinese, simplified writing language thus more people can read. In the thought aspect, this movement advocated Democracy and Science, liberated people's thinking, caused the all-round changes of the society. This movement has profound and lasting significance in the modern Chinese history.
Work cited
Lu Xun, Diary of a Madman, 1918, print.
Wm.Theodore de Bary ,and Richard Lufrano, Source of Chinese Tradition, New York, Columbia University press, 2000, print.
J.A.G.Roberts, A Concise History of China, Harvard University Press, 1999, prin
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